Kev faib tawm ntawm Tantalum
Tantalum yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv tsis tshua muaj hlau ntxhia thiab cov khoom siv tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab chaw siv tshuab.
Lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg cov khoom ntawm tantalum thiab niobium zoo sib xws, yog li lawv coexist nyob rau hauv cov ntxhia hauv qhov xwm txheej. Kev faib tawm ntawm tantalum ore los yog niobium ore yog tsuas yog raws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm tantalum thiab niobium hauv cov ntxhia. Thaum cov ntsiab lus niobium siab, nws hu ua niobium ore, thiab thaum cov ntsiab lus tantalum siab, nws hu ua tantalum ore. Niobium feem ntau yog siv rau hauv kev tsim cov carbon steel, super alloy, high-strength low-alloy steel, stainless hlau, tshav kub-resistant steel thiab alloy steel; tantalum feem ntau yog siv los tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov hlau. Daim ntawv tshwm sim thiab tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm tantalum-niobium minerals yog complex. Ntxiv rau tantalum thiab niobium, lawv feem ntau muaj cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hauv ntiaj teb, titanium, zirconium, tungsten, uranium, thorium thiab tin. Cov zaub mov tseem ceeb ntawm tantalum yog: tantalite [(Fe, Mn) (Ta, Nb) 2O6], hnyav tantalite (FeTa2O6), nplua spar [(Na, Ca) Ta2O6 (O, OH, F)] thiab Dub tsis tshua muaj kub ore. [(Y, Ca, Ce, U, Th) (Nb, Ta, Ti) 2O6] thiab lwm yam. Cov slag ntawm tin smelting muaj tantalum, uas kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm tantalum. Lub ntiaj teb cov tantalum reserves (hais txog tantalum) tau txheeb xyuas txog 134, 000 luv tons, nrog Zaire ua tus thawj coj. Nyob rau hauv 1979, lub ntiaj teb no zus tau tej cov tantalum mineral (raws li tantalum) yog 788 luv tons (1 luv ton=907.2 kg). Tuam Tshoj tus txheej txheem ntawm kev rho tawm tantalum los ntawm cov zaub mov nrog cov ntsiab lus tantalum tsawg tau ua tiav.
Capacitors yog qhov tseem ceeb kawg ntawm kev siv tantalum, suav txog li 60 feem pua ntawm tag nrho cov kev siv. Tebchaws Asmeskas yog lub tebchaws uas siv tantalum ntau tshaj plaws. Nyob rau hauv 1997, kev noj ntau npaum li 500 tons, ntawm uas 60 feem pua yog siv nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov tantalum capacitors. Nyiv yog lub tebchaws loj tshaj plaws thib ob hauv kev noj tantalum, nrog kev noj ntawm 334 tons. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st, nrog rau kev loj hlob sai ntawm capacitor ntau lawm, kev ua lag luam yog luv luv. Nws kwv yees tias lub ntiaj teb kev tsim khoom ntawm tantalum capacitors yuav ncav cuag 250 lab daim, thiab 1, 000 tons ntawm tantalum yuav tau noj. Raws li kev txheeb cais ntawm US Geological Survey, lub natural reserves ntawm tantalum nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb crust yog 150,{10}} tons, thiab cov recoverable reserves yog ntau tshaj 43,{12}} tons. Xyoo 2004, lub ntiaj teb tantalum mining ntim yog 1,510 tons, suav nrog 730 tons hauv Australia, 280 tons hauv Mozambique, 250 tons hauv Brazil, 69 tons hauv Canada thiab 60 tons hauv Congo. Tuam Tshoj cov peev txheej feem ntau yog faib rau hauv Jiangxi, Fujian, Xinjiang, Guangxi, Hunan thiab lwm lub xeev. Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm kev xav tau kev loj hlob yav tom ntej, capacitors tseem yog cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb ntawm tantalum. Yog tias nws raug xam raws li lub hauv paus cia ntawm 24, 000 tons, nws tsuas tuaj yeem lav qhov kev thov rau 24 xyoo. Txawm li cas los xij, lub zeem muag ntawm cov peev txheej tantalum tseem yog qhov zoo. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no cov nplua nuj niobium deposits, muaj ntau tantalum kev pab cuam cuam tshuam nrog lawv. Ntawm lawv, tantalum cov peev txheej ntawm Gadar niobium thiab tantalum mines nyob rau yav qab teb Greenland muaj txog 1 lab tons. Qhov thib ob, sab hnub poob tau pib siv ntau cov tin slag uas muaj Ta2O5 tsawg dua 3 feem pua. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tshawb fawb thiab kev siv cov khoom siv hloov pauv kuj tau tsim sai heev. Piv txwv li, txhuas thiab ceramics tuaj yeem hloov tantalum nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm capacitors; silicon, germanium, thiab cesium tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob los hloov tantalum los ua rectifiers.